Cerebrovascular responses to a 90° tilt in healthy neonates

Abstract

Background: Tilts can induce alterations in cerebral hemodynamics in healthy neonates, but prior studies have only examined systemic parameters or used small tilt angles (<90°). The healthy neonatal population, however, are commonly subjected to large tilt angles (≥90°). We sought to characterize the cerebrovascular response to a 90° tilt in healthy term neonates.

Methods: We performed a secondary descriptive analysis on 44 healthy term neonates. We measured cerebral oxygen saturation (rcSO₂), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) over three consecutive 90° tilts. These parameters were measured for 2-min while neonates were in a supine (0°) position and 2-min while tilted to a sitting (90°) position. We measured oscillometric mean blood pressure (MBP) at the start of each tilt.

Results: rcSO₂ and BR decreased significantly in the sitting position, whereas cFTOE, SpO₂, and MBP increased significantly in the sitting position. We detected a significant position-by-time interaction for all physiological parameters.

Conclusion: A 90° tilt induces a decline in rcSO₂ and an increase in cFTOE in healthy term neonates. Understanding the normal cerebrovascular response to a 90° tilt in healthy neonates will help clinicians to recognize abnormal responses in high-risk infant populations.

Impact: Healthy term neonates (≤14 days old) had decreased cerebral oxygen saturation (~1.1%) and increased cerebral oxygen extraction (~0.01) following a 90° tilt. We detected a significant position-by-time interaction with all physiological parameters measured, suggesting the effect of position varied across consecutive tilts. No prior study has characterized the cerebral oxygen saturation response to a 90° tilt in healthy term neonates.