Occurrences of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome in ICU staff workers after two-year of the COVID-19 pandemic: the international PSY-CO in ICU study

Claire Roger; Lowel Ling; Mélissa Petrier; Loubna Elotmani; Enora Atchade; Bernard Allaouchiche; Frédéric Aubrun; Jean-Michel Constantin; Claire Dahyot-Fizelier; Nathalie Delhaye; Hervé Dupont; Marc-Olivier Fischer; Marc Garnier; Etienne Gayat; Carole Ichai; Samir Jaber; Jérome Morel; Benoit Plaud; Thomas Rimmelé; Sylvaine Robin; Renee Saba; Gavin M Joynt; Jean-Yves Lefrant; Pascale Fabbro-Peray; Jeffrey Lipman; Ismael Conejero; Kevin Laupland

doi:10.1186/s12991-023-00488-5

Occurrences of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome in ICU staff workers after two-year of the COVID-19 pandemic: the international PSY-CO in ICU study

Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2024 Jan 3;23(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12991-023-00488-5.

Authors

Claire Roger¹, Lowel Ling², Mélissa Petrier^{3

4}, Loubna Elotmani¹, Enora Atchade⁵, Bernard Allaouchiche⁶, Frédéric Aubrun⁷, Jean-Michel Constantin⁸, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier^{9

10}, Nathalie Delhaye¹¹, Hervé Dupont¹², Marc-Olivier Fischer^{13

14}, Marc Garnier^{15

16}, Etienne Gayat^{17

18}, Carole Ichai¹⁹, Samir Jaber²⁰, Jérome Morel^{21

22}, Benoit Plaud²³, Thomas Rimmelé^{24

25

26}, Sylvaine Robin²⁷, Renee Saba²⁸, Gavin M Joynt², Jean-Yves Lefrant²⁹, Pascale Fabbro-Peray³, Jeffrey Lipman^{1

28

30}, Ismael Conejero^{31

32

33}, Kevin Laupland^{28

34}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, UR‑UM103 IMAGINE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
² Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
³ Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), CHU Nimes, IDESP, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
⁴ Biostatistics Department, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Annecy, France.
⁵ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
⁶ Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.
⁷ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France.
⁸ Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, Sorbonne Université, GRC 29, AP-HP, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France.
⁹ Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
¹⁰ INSERM U1070, Pharmacologie des Agents Anti-Infectieux, Poitiers, France.
¹¹ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
¹² Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France.
¹³ Normandy University, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Ecole Doctorale NBISE 497, Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Caen, France.
¹⁴ Institut Aquitain du Coeur, Clinique Saint Augustin, Elsan, 114 Avenue d'Arès, 33074, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
¹⁵ Département Médico-Universitaire DREAM, Sorbonne Université, GRC 29, AP-HP, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire Rive Droite Tenon-Saint Antoine, Paris, France.
¹⁶ CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
¹⁷ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, APHP. Nord, DMU Parabol, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
¹⁸ UMR-S 942 "MASCOT," Inserm, Paris, France.
¹⁹ Département Anesthésie-Réanimation, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.
²⁰ Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, 9214, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
²¹ Surgical ICU, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.
²² Jacques Lisfranc Medical School, Saint-Etienne University, Saint-Etienne, France.
²³ Université Paris Cité, AP-HP. Nord, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU PARABOL, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation-CTB, 75010, Paris, France.
²⁴ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par la Simulation en Santé (CLESS), Lyon, France.
²⁵ EA 7426, PI3 (Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1-Biomérieux-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
²⁶ Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
²⁷ Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, France Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
²⁸ Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
²⁹ Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, UR‑UM103 IMAGINE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. jean.yves.lefrant@chu-nimes.fr.
³⁰ UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France.
³² Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France.
³³ Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS-INSERM, Montpellier, France.
³⁴ Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed at assessing the prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (main objective), anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome (BOS) and their associated factors in intensive care unit (ICU) staff workers in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: An international cross-sectional multicenter ICU-based online survey was carried out among the ICU staff workers in 20 ICUs across 3 continents. ICUs staff workers (both caregivers and non-caregivers) were invited to complete PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires for assessing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and the different components of BOS, respectively. A personal questionnaire was used to isolate independent associated factors with these disorders.

Results: PCL-5, HADS, and MBI questionnaires were completed by 585, 570, and 539 responders, respectively (525 completed all questionnaires). PTSD was diagnosed in 98/585 responders (16.8%). Changing familial environment, being a non-caregiver staff worker, having not being involved in a COVID-19 patient admission, having not been provided with COVID-19-related information were associated with PTSD. Anxiety was reported in 130/570 responders (22.8%). Working in a public hospital, being a woman, being financially impacted, being a non-clinical healthcare staff member, having no theoretical or practical training on individual preventive measures, and fear of managing COVID-19 patients were associated with anxiety. Depression was reported in 50/570 responders (8.8%). Comorbidity at risk of severe COVID-19, working in a public hospital, looking after a child, being a non-caregiver staff member, having no information, and a request for moving from the unit were associated with depression. Having received no information and no adequate training for COVID-19 patient management were associated with all 3 dimensions of BOS.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed that ICU staff workers, whether they treated COVID-19 patients or not, have a substantial prevalence of psychological disorders.

Keywords: Anxiety; Burnout syndrome; Depression; ICU staff worker; Intensive care unit; Post-traumatic stress disorder.