Toxic risk evaluation of effluents from a swine biodigester in the plant models Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa

Francielen Barroso Aragão; Iasmini Nicoli Galter; Kalia Dável Grecco; Edvar Junior Roncetti Coelho; Tainá Turial da Silva; Marina Marques Bonomo; Marisa Narciso Fernandes; Silvia Tamie Matsumoto

doi:10.1007/s10661-023-12173-x

Toxic risk evaluation of effluents from a swine biodigester in the plant models Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa

Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Dec 19;196(1):64. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-12173-x.

Authors

Francielen Barroso Aragão¹, Iasmini Nicoli Galter², Kalia Dável Grecco², Edvar Junior Roncetti Coelho², Tainá Turial da Silva², Marina Marques Bonomo³, Marisa Narciso Fernandes³, Silvia Tamie Matsumoto²

Affiliations

¹ Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil. francielenaragao@gmail.com.
² Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
³ Physiological Sciences Department, Center of Human and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.

PMID: 38112861
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12173-x

Abstract

Pig farming is recognized as an activity with great polluting potential. The aim was to investigate possible environmental risks of effluents from the stabilization pond (SP) and the raw effluent (RE) from the biodigestion process of swine residues, in different concentrations in the models Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. Seeds were germinated in different dilutions, 100% (C1), 50% (C2), 25% (C3), 12.5% (C4), 6.25% (C5), 3.12% (C6), 0.78% (C7), and 0.39% (C8). Distilled water was used as the negative control (CN) and trifluralin (0.84 g/L^-1) as the positive control. Germination (GR), root growth (RG), cell cycle, and oxidative stress (OS) were analyzed. To assess OS, the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the quantification of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed. Data were submitted to ANOVA (one way), followed by the Kruskal-Wallis mean test (P ≤ 0.05). Chemical analysis showed high values of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Dilutions (C1, C2, C3 RE) and (C1 and C2 SP) inhibited GR and RG of L. sativa and A. cepa than other concentrations. The mitotic index showed a reduction in C5 (RE), C6, and C7 (SP) of L. sativa and C3 and C4 (SP) of A. cepa in relation to CN and higher frequencies of chromosomal alterations. Regarding the OS, only the concentrations of SP treatment showed statistical difference in relation to the NC: in L. sativa model, GSH at (C5 and C8) concentrations and LPO (C7); in A. cepa model, SOD (C3 and C4), GST (C4, C5 and C6), GSH (C5 and C8), and CAT (C3 and C7). The alterations in metabolism are possibly related to the metals, such as zinc and copper, observed in high amounts in the raw waste. The results allowed us to conclude that the raw and stabilization pond effluents offer environmental risks, requiring caution and monitoring in the use of these effluents.

Keywords: Biochemical biomarkers; Biodigester; Lettuce; Onion; Phytotoxicity; Plant models.

MeSH terms

Animals
Copper / toxicity
Environmental Monitoring
Glutathione / metabolism
Lactuca*
Onions*
Superoxide Dismutase
Swine

Substances

Copper
Superoxide Dismutase
Glutathione