Combined inhibition of MTAP and MAT2a mimics synthetic lethality in tumor models via PRMT5 inhibition

Abstract

Homozygous 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deletions occur in approximately 15% of human cancers. Co-deletion of MTAP and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 alpha (MAT2a) induces a synthetic lethal phenotype involving protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition. MAT2a inhibitors are now in clinical trials for genotypic MTAP^-/- cancers, however the MTAP^-/- genotype represents fewer than 2% of human colorectal cancers (CRCs), limiting the utility of MAT2a inhibitors in these and other MTAP^+/+ cancers. Methylthio-DADMe-immucillin-A (MTDIA) is a picomolar transition state analog inhibitor of MTAP that renders cells enzymatically MTAP-deficient to induce the MTAP^-/- phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that MTDIA and MAT2a inhibitor AG-270 combination therapy mimics synthetic lethality in MTAP^+/+ CRC cell lines with similar effects in mouse xenografts and without adverse histology on normal tissues. Combination treatment is synergistic with a 10⁴-fold increase in drug potency for inhibition of CRC cell growth in culture. Combined MTDIA and AG-270 decreases S-adenosyl-L-methionine and increases 5'-methylthioadenosine in cells. The increased intracellular methylthioadenosine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine ratio inhibits PRMT5 activity, leading to cellular arrest and apoptotic cell death by causing MDM4 alternative splicing and p53 activation. Combination MTDIA and AG-270 treatment differs from direct inhibition of PRMT5 by GSK3326595 by avoiding toxicity caused by cell death in the normal gut epithelium induced by the PRMT5 inhibitor. The combination of MTAP and MAT2a inhibitors expands this synthetic lethal approach to include MTAP^+/+ cancers, especially the remaining 98% of CRCs without the MTAP^-/- genotype.

Keywords: 5'-methylthioadenosine; MAT2a; MTAP; PRMT5; S-adenosyl-L-methionine; arginine methylation; cancer metabolism; colorectal cancer.