Drug-use disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a glance at GBD 2019 findings

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2024 Jul;59(7):1113-1127. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02587-w. Epub 2023 Nov 24.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate drug use disorders which are a major cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

Methods: This article is a part of the global burden of diseases (GBD), injuries, and risk factors 2019 study. The GBD modeling approach was used to estimate population-level prevalence of drug use disorders. We combined these estimates with disability weights to calculate years of life lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 1990-2019.

Results: It is estimated that in 2019 in EMR around 3.4 million people have drug use disorder which has increased by 137% compared to 1990. Also, in 2019, DALY number for drug use disorders was 1217.9 (95% UI: 940.4, 1528.9) thousand years and 7645 (95% UI: 6793.7, 8567.9) deaths occurred. The DALY rate increased 39.6% in the region since1990, whereas the global rate increased by 24.4%. United Arab Emirates, Libya, and Iran were most affected by drug use disorders with the highest rates of age-standardized DALY in EMR in 2019. The most prevalent drug use disorder in the region is opioid use which is accountable for 80% of all drug use disorders DALYs.

Conclusion: Despite many interventions, drug use disorders are still responsible for high rates of DALY in the region which has increased since 1990 in both males and females; more comprehensive policies, better control measures and proper education could reduce the adverse effects.

Keywords: Burden of diseases; DALY; Drug use disorder; Eastern Mediterranean Region.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Child
  • Disability-Adjusted Life Years*
  • Disabled Persons / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Global Burden of Disease*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mediterranean Region / epidemiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Middle East / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Substance-Related Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Young Adult