Association between anxiety and eating behaviors in patients with obesity

Abstract

Background: Given the link between eating behavior and obesity, it is critical to identify individuals who have eating behaviors which contribute to obesity etiology. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between symptoms of anxiety and eating behaviors in patients with obesity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study analyzing baseline characteristics of 438 patients with obesity (BMI>30). Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire R21 (TFEQ-R21), and the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association between questionnaires. Two-sample independent t-test were conducted to examine differences in the TFEQ-R21 and WEL between low and moderate to severe levels of symptoms of anxiety.

Results: Anxiety scores (HADS-A) positively correlated with two factors of the TFEQ, emotional eating (r = 0.36) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.27). The HADS-A score was negatively correlated with self-efficacy to resist eating in all five situational factors on the WEL (p < 0.01). Patients with symptoms of anxiety additionally showed higher mean scores for emotional eating and uncontrolled eating (p < 0.001, respectively),and lower levels of cognitive restraint (p = 0.04)) on the TFEQ-R21.

Conclusion: Patients with obesity who reported having anxiety symptoms had lower self-confidence to manage their eating and more emotional eating than patients with low anxiety symptoms. Clearly more needs to be learned about symtoms of anxiety and eating behaviors.

Keywords: Emotional eating; Obesity; Uncontrolled eating.