Nursing Home Organization Mealtimes and Staff Attitude Toward Nutritional Care: A Multicenter Observational Study

Abstract

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the practices of registered nurses and nurse aides at mealtimes in nursing homes (NHs) and to evaluate the attitudes of health care staff toward the nutritional care of older people.

Design: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Setting and participants: The study involved a convenience sample of NH health care staff: physicians, registered nurses, and nurse aides.

Methods: Data were collected on characteristics of the dining environment, organizational and nutritional care practices, staff-resident ratio, and staff activities during meals, using 2 questionnaires and staff attitudes were assessed with Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing Care Geriatric Scale (SANN-G). Total score ranges from 18 to 90 points, with the following cutoffs: ≥72, positive attitude; ≤54, negative; and 55-71 points, neutral attitude.

Results: A total of 1267 workers from 29 NHs in northern Italy participated in the study. The most common nutritional assessment tool used by nurses was the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. A median of 4.0 and 4.2 people (family caregivers, volunteers and staff) were present for feeding support, respectively, at lunch and dinner. A median of 2.5 and 2.0 staff members at lunch and at dinner, respectively, fed residents. Overall, 1024 health care workers responded to SANN-G of which 21.9% showed a negative attitude, 57.2% neutral, and 20.9% a positive attitude. Nurse aides (190/714) showed worse attitudes compared with registered nurses (20/204) and physicians (2/36); differences were statistically significant. Overall, the best attitudes were toward "habits," "interventions," and "individualization" of nutritional care. Staff who had received nutritional training (29.2%) had best attitudes.

Conclusions and implications: The results suggest that NHs should ensure adequate staff-resident ratio during meals, involving trained volunteers and relatives. Moreover, health professionals' knowledge and attitude toward nutritional care should be improved through continuous training.

Keywords: Nutritional care; mealtimes; nursing home; older; organization; staff attitude.