Generation of locomotor‑like activity using monopolar intraspinal electrical microstimulation in rats

Exp Ther Med. 2023 Oct 18;26(6):560. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12259. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the ability of functional standing and walking. As the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) in the lumbosacral spinal cord can generate a regulatory signal for movement, it is feasible to activate CPG neural network using intra-spinal micro-stimulation (ISMS) to induce alternating patterns. The present study identified two special sites with the ability to activate the CPG neural network that are symmetrical about the posterior median sulcus in the lumbosacral spinal cord by ISMS in adult rats. A reversal of flexion and extension can occur in an attempt to generate a stepping movement of the bilateral hindlimb by either reversing the pulse polarity of the stimulus or changing the special site. Therefore, locomotor-like activity can be restored with monopolar intraspinal electrical stimulation on either special site. To verify the motor function regeneration of the paralyzed hindlimbs, a four-week locomotor training with ISMS applied to the special site in the SCI + ISMS group (n=12) was performed. Evaluations of motor function recovery using behavior, kinematics and physiological analyses, were used to assess hindlimb function and the results showed the stimulation at one special site can promote significant functional recovery of the bilateral hindlimbs (P<0.05). The present study suggested that motor function of paralyzed bilateral hindlimbs can be restored with monopolar ISMS.

Keywords: central pattern generator; intra-spinal micro-stimulation; motor function recovery; neuro-modulation; spinal cord injury.

Grants and funding

Funding: The present study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81371663 and 61534003), the Six talents peaks Project (grant no. SWYY-116), and the Post-graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (grant no. KYCX21_3085).