Association between antibiotics and asthma risk among adults aged over 40 years: a nationally representative retrospective cohort study

Jiwon Choi; Sun Jae Park; Young Jun Park; Jaeyi Hong; Seogsong Jeong; Jooyoung Chang; Sung Min Kim; Jihun Song; Yoosun Cho; Sang Min Park

doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001643

Association between antibiotics and asthma risk among adults aged over 40 years: a nationally representative retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open Respir Res. 2023 Oct;10(1):e001643. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001643.

Authors

Jiwon Choi^{1

2}, Sun Jae Park¹, Young Jun Park³, Jaeyi Hong⁴, Seogsong Jeong⁵, Jooyoung Chang¹, Sung Min Kim¹, Jihun Song¹, Yoosun Cho⁶, Sang Min Park^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.
² Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, The Republic of Korea.
³ Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, The Republic of Korea.
⁶ Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital,Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.
⁷ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea smpark.snuh@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, The Republic of Korea.

Abstract

Introduction: Several studies have reported that exposure to antibiotics can lead to asthma during early childhood. However, the association between antibiotic use and risk of asthma in the adult population remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between antibiotic use and asthma in adults.

Methods: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-Health Screening Cohort, which included participants aged ≥40 years who had health screening examination data in 2005-2006. A total of 248 961 participants with a mean age of 55.43 years were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. To evaluate antibiotic exposure from the NHIS database for 5 years (2002-2006), cumulative usage and multiclass prescriptions were identified, respectively. During the follow-up period (2007-2019), 42 452 patients were diagnosed with asthma. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the association between antibiotic use and newly diagnosed asthma.

Results: Participants with antibiotic use for ≥91 days showed a higher risk of asthma (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.72 to 1.96) compared with participants who did not use antibiotics (n=38 450), with a duration-dependent association (p_trend<0.001). Furthermore, ≥4 antibiotic class user group had an increased risk of asthma (aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.49) compared with one class of antibiotic use (n=64 698). Also, one class of antibiotic use had a higher risk of asthma (aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.26) compared with non-users, and it also showed a duration-dependent relationship in all classes, including 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 class group (p_trend<0.001). The duration-response relationship between antibiotic use and increased risk of asthma remained in our sensitivity analyses with the washout and shifting of the index date.

Conclusions: The duration-response pattern observed in antibiotic use and asthma may suggest the implication of proper antibiotic use and management in adults.

Keywords: asthma; asthma epidemiology; asthma pharmacology.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents* / adverse effects
Asthma* / diagnosis
Asthma* / drug therapy
Asthma* / epidemiology
Child, Preschool
Databases, Factual
Humans
Middle Aged
Proportional Hazards Models
Retrospective Studies

Substances

Anti-Bacterial Agents