1 Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
2 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
3 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
4 Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
5 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: bobby.yanagawa@unityhealth.to.