Making a case for the free exploratory paradigm: animal welfare-friendly assays that enhance heterozygosity and ecological validity

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States.
• ² Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
• ³ Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
• ⁴ Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁵ Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
• ⁶ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.