Neurological and Psychiatric Manifestations of Long COVID-19 and Their [18F]FDG PET Findings: A Review

Rizwanullah Hameed; Anuradha Rosario Bahadur; Shashi Bhushan Singh; Juwairah Sher; Maia Todua; Leah Mahsa Moradi; Sanjiv Bastakoti; Maeen Arslan; Hanfa Ajmal; Gha Young Lee; Cyrus Ayubcha; Thomas J Werner; Abass Alavi; Mona-Elisabeth Revheim

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13142353

Neurological and Psychiatric Manifestations of Long COVID-19 and Their [¹⁸F]FDG PET Findings: A Review

Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jul 12;13(14):2353. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13142353.

Authors

Rizwanullah Hameed^{1

2}, Anuradha Rosario Bahadur³, Shashi Bhushan Singh⁴, Juwairah Sher⁵, Maia Todua⁶, Leah Mahsa Moradi⁷, Sanjiv Bastakoti⁸, Maeen Arslan⁹, Hanfa Ajmal¹⁰, Gha Young Lee¹¹, Cyrus Ayubcha¹¹, Thomas J Werner¹², Abass Alavi¹², Mona-Elisabeth Revheim^{13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, 585 Schenectady Avenue, New York, NY 11203, USA.
² Interfaith Medical Center, 1545 Atlantic Avenue, New York, NY 11213, USA.
³ Kingston Public Hospital, North Street, Kingston 4, Jamaica.
⁴ Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
⁵ Medical University of the Americas, 27 Jackson Road, Suite 302, Devens, MA 0134, USA.
⁶ Department of Endocrinology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Vazha-Pshavela Ave. 33, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia.
⁷ Touro University, Touro College of Pharmacy, 3 Times Square, New York, NY 10036, USA.
⁸ Russell Hall Hospital, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK.
⁹ Dartmouth College Hanover, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
¹⁰ College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
¹¹ Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹² Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
¹³ The Intervention Center, Rikshospitalet, Division for Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
¹⁴ Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway.

Abstract

For more than two years, lingering sequalae of COVID-19 have been extensively investigated. Approximately 10% of individuals infected by COVID-19 have been found to experience long-term symptoms termed "long COVID-19". The neurological and psychiatric manifestations of long COVID-19 are of particular concern. While pathogenesis remains unclear, emerging imaging studies have begun to better elucidate certain pathological manifestation. Of specific interest is imaging with [¹⁸F]FDG PET which directly reflects cellular glycolysis often linked to metabolic and inflammatory processes. Seeking to understand the molecular basis of neurological features of long COVID-19, this review encompasses the most recent [¹⁸F]FDG PET literature in this area.

Keywords: COVID-19; PET; [18F]FDG; long COVID-19; neurologic; positron emission tomography; psychiatric.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States