Adjunctive systemic antibiotic effect on periodontal state, salivary enzyme activity, and glycemia imbalance in type-2 diabetics after non-surgical periodontal management

Marwa Mrag; Yassine Khalji; Aishah Alhodhodi; Shadia A Elsayed; Yosra Ayed; Asma Kassab

doi:10.1080/19932820.2023.2222449

Adjunctive systemic antibiotic effect on periodontal state, salivary enzyme activity, and glycemia imbalance in type-2 diabetics after non-surgical periodontal management

Libyan J Med. 2023 Dec;18(1):2222449. doi: 10.1080/19932820.2023.2222449.

Authors

Marwa Mrag¹, Yassine Khalji², Aishah Alhodhodi³, Shadia A Elsayed^{3

4}, Yosra Ayed^{1

3}, Asma Kassab¹

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Health and Oro-Facial Rehabilitation Research Laboratory LR12ES11, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
² Biochemistry Department LR12SP11, Sahlol University Hospital, Soussa, Tunisia.
³ Dental College and Hospital, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Aim: The current study aimed at analyzing the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment accompanied by systemic antibiotics on salivary enzyme activities, periodontal parameters, and glycemic control in type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methods: The study included 125 type-2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis who had good glycemic control (T2Dc), 125 type-2 diabetics who had bad glycemic control (T2Dpc). The 125 T2Dpc were divided randomly into two groups. The first one enrolled 63 T2Dpc and received a non-surgical periodontal treatment (T2Dpc + NST). The second group enrolled 62 T2Dpc and received the non-surgical treatment accompanied by systemic antibiotics (T2Dpc+NST+A). HbA1c, periodontal indices, and salivary enzyme activities were assessed for all groups. The Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed. The Salivary alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) activities were measured.

Results: The T2Dpc were characterized by the highest probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) periodontal scores, as well as ALP, AST, and ALT enzymatic activities. However, BOP did not differ significantly between T2Dc and T2Dpc. Whereas the rest of clinical parameters PI, GI, and OHI-S did not significantly differ between groups. The Pearson's analysis revealed three correlations between ALP-PPD, ALP-CAL, and ALP-BOP (bleeding on probing) in both T2Dc and T2Dpc (P < 0.05). Interestingly, a significant decrease in periodontal indices, salivary enzyme activities, and HbA1c was recorded in T2Dpc+NST+A group.

Conclusion: The increase in ALP, AST, and ALT activities reflects the impact of uncontrolled T2D on periodontal tissue alteration. The ALP activity increase was associated with the severity of periodontal status in diabetic patients. In comparison to non-surgical treatment alone, the adjunct use of systemic antibiotics improves periodontal state, enzyme activity, and glycemic control.

Keywords: antibiotics; glycemic control; non-surgical treatment; periodontitis; salivary enzyme activities.

MeSH terms

Chronic Periodontitis* / complications
Chronic Periodontitis* / drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
Glycated Hemoglobin
Humans

Substances

Glycated Hemoglobin

Grants and funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.