High-Resolution 3-Dimensional Multimodality Imaging to Resolve Intramural Human Sinoatrial Node Pacemakers and Epicardial-Endocardial Atrial Exit Sites

Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2023 Apr;16(4):e011528. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.122.011528. Epub 2023 Mar 14.

Ning Li^{1

2}, Brian J Hansen^{1

2}, James Kennelly³, Anuradha Kalyanasundaram^{1

2}, Adel Kanaan^{1

2}, Orlando P Simonetti^{4

5}, Peter J Mohler^{1

2}, Bryan A Whitson⁶, John D Hummel^{2

4}, Jichao Zhao³, Vadim V Fedorov^{1

2}

¹ Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (N.L., B.J.H., A. Kalyanasundaram, A. Kanaan, P.J.M., V.V.F.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.
² Bob and Corrine Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia (N.L., B.J.H., A. Kalyanasundaram, A. Kanaan, P.J.M., J.D.H., V.V.F.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.
³ Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand (J.K., J.Z.).
⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.P.S., J.D.H.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.
⁵ Department of Radiology (O.P.S.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.
⁶ Division of Cardiac Surgery (B.A.W.), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.

No abstract available

Keywords: fibrosis; humans; magnetic resonance imaging; sinoatrial node; voltage-sensitive dye imaging.

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