Chemokines in thyroid autoimmunity

Silvia Martina Ferrari; Sabrina Rosaria Paparo; Francesca Ragusa; Giusy Elia; Valeria Mazzi; Armando Patrizio; Marco Ghionzoli; Gilda Varricchi; Marco Centanni; Salvatore Ulisse; Alessandro Antonelli; Poupak Fallahi

doi:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101773

Chemokines in thyroid autoimmunity

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Mar;37(2):101773. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101773. Epub 2023 Mar 9.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
² Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
³ Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁴ Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
⁵ Department of Pediatric Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁶ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
⁷ Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Endocrine Unit, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy.
⁸ Department of Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁹ Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: alessandro.antonelli@unipi.it.

PMID: 36907786
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101773

Abstract

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Th1 lymphocytes are recruited by Th1 chemokines, secreted by damaged cells. In inflamed tissues, the attracted Th1 lymphocytes induce the IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha release, that stimulates the secretion of Th1 chemokines, initiating and reiterating an amplification feedback loop. Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) are the most recurrent autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis, clinically defined by thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, respectively. Graves' ophthalmopathy is one of GD extrathyroidal manifestations, occurring in ~30-50% of GD patients. In the early phase of AITD, the Th1 immune response is prevalent, and a following switch to a Th2 immune response has been shown in the late, inactive, phase. The reviewed data underline the importance of chemokines in thyroid autoimmunity and suggest CXCR3-receptor and its chemokines as potential targets of novel drugs for these disorders.

Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disorders; Autoimmune thyroiditis; CCL2; CXCL10; CXCL11; CXCL9; CXCR3; Chemokines; Cytokines; Graves’ disease; Graves’ ophthalmopathy.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Autoimmune Diseases*
Autoimmunity
Chemokine CXCL10
Graves Disease*
Graves Ophthalmopathy*
Hashimoto Disease*
Humans

Substances

Chemokine CXCL10