Choosing wisely initiative for reducing urine cultures for asymptomatic bacteriuria and catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria in an 11-hospital safety net system

Abstract

Background: Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common. Overtreatment of ASB leads to harm, including adverse effects from antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and increased length of stay.

Methods: This quality improvement initiative targeted inappropriate urine cultures across 11 hospitals in a safety-net setting. A mandatory prompt for appropriate indications for urine culture orders and a best practice advisory (BPA) for urine culture on patients with urinary catheters were created. Urine culture ordering was compared pre-intervention (6/2020 to 10/2021) to post-intervention (12/2021 to 8/2022). Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) was compared pre- and post-intervention. Variation in urine culture ordering and CAUTI rates in hospitals were assessed.

Results: Inpatient urine cultures decreased by 20.9% (p<0.001). Inpatient urine cultures on patients with urinary catheters decreased by 21.6% (p<0.001). CAUTI rates remained unchanged post-intervention. High variation in urine culture ordering and CAUTI rates was seen among hospitals.

Conclusions: This initiative successfully decreased urine cultures in a large, safety-net system. Further study is needed in assessing variation among hospitals.

Keywords: High value care; Hospital acquired infections; Infection control; Patient safety.