Prognostic value of preoperative CT scan derived body composition measures in resected pancreatic cancer

Abstract

Background: It remains unclear whether preoperative body composition may affect the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgery. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent to which preoperative body composition impacts on postoperative complication severity and survival in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with preoperative CT scan imaging available. Body composition parameters including total abdominal muscle area (TAMA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area and liver steatosis (LS) were assessed. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as a high VFA/TAMA ratio. Postoperative complication burden was evaluated with the comprehensive complication index (CCI).

Results: Overall, 371 patients were included in the study. At 90 days after surgery, 80 patients (22%) experienced severe complications. The median CCI was 20.9 (IQR 0-30). At multivariate linear regression analysis, preoperative biliary drainage, ASA score ≥3, fistula risk score and sarcopenic obesity (37% increase; 95%CI 0.06-0.74; p = 0.046) were associated to an increase in CCI. Patient characteristics associated to sarcopenic obesity were older age, male gender and preoperative LS. At a median follow-up of 25 months (IQR 18-49), median disease-free survival (DFS) was 19 months (IQR 15-22). At cox-regression analysis, only pathological features were associated with DFS, while LS and other body composition measures did not show any prognostic role.

Conclusion: The combination of sarcopenia and visceral obesity was significantly associated with increased complication severity after pancreatoduodenectomy for cancer. Patients' body composition did not affect disease free survival after pancreatic cancer surgery.

Keywords: Body composition; Pancreatic neoplasms; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Postoperative complications; Survival.