Advanced Energy Management Strategy of Photovoltaic/PEMFC/Lithium-Ion Batteries/Supercapacitors Hybrid Renewable Power System Using White Shark Optimizer

Hesham Alhumade; Hegazy Rezk; Mohamed Louzazni; Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin; Saad Al-Shahrani

doi:10.3390/s23031534

Advanced Energy Management Strategy of Photovoltaic/PEMFC/Lithium-Ion Batteries/Supercapacitors Hybrid Renewable Power System Using White Shark Optimizer

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jan 30;23(3):1534. doi: 10.3390/s23031534.

Authors

Hesham Alhumade^{1

2

3}, Hegazy Rezk^{4

5}, Mohamed Louzazni⁶, Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin^{2

7}, Saad Al-Shahrani¹

Affiliations

¹ Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
² Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
³ K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
⁶ Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida, El Jadida 24000, Morocco.
⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The slow dynamic response of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to high load change during deficit periods must be considered. Therefore, integrating the hybrid system with energy storage devices like battery storage and/or a supercapacitor is necessary. To reduce the consumed hydrogen, an energy management strategy (EMS) based on the white shark optimizer (WSO) for photovoltaic/PEMFC/lithium-ion batteries/supercapacitors microgrid has been developed. The EMSs distribute the load demand among the photovoltaic, PEMFC, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. The design of EMSs must be such that it minimizes the use of hydrogen while simultaneously ensuring that each energy source performs inside its own parameters. The recommended EMS-based-WSO was evaluated in regard to other EMSs regarding hydrogen fuel consumption and effectiveness. The considered EMSs are state machine control strategy (SMCS), classical external energy maximization strategy (EEMS), and optimized EEMS-based particle swarm optimization (PSO). Thanks to the proposed EEMS-based WSO, hydrogen utilization has been reduced by 34.17%, 29.47%, and 2.1%, respectively, compared with SMCS, EEMS, and PSO. In addition, the efficiency increased by 6.05%, 9.5%, and 0.33%, respectively, compared with SMCS, EEMS, and PSO.

Keywords: energy management systems; hydrogen fuel; microgrid; optimization; renewable energy.

Grants and funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia, for funding this research work through project number (IFPRC-78-135-2020) and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.