Growth trajectories for executive and social cognitive abilities in an Indian population sample: Impact of demographic and psychosocial determinants

Eesha Sharma; G S Ravi; Keshav Kumar; Kandavel Thennarasu; Jon Heron; Matthew Hickman; Nilakshi Vaidya; Bharath Holla; Madhavi Rangaswamy; Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta; Murali Krishna; Amit Chakrabarti; Debashish Basu; Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya; Rajkumar Lenin Singh; Roshan Lourembam; Kalyanaraman Kumaran; Rebecca Kuriyan; Sunita Simon Kurpad; Kamakshi Kartik; Kartik Kalyanram; Sylvane Desrivieres; Gareth Barker; Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos; Mireille Toledano; Meera Purushottam; Rose Dawn Bharath; Pratima Murthy; Sanjeev Jain; Gunter Schumann; Vivek Benegal; cVEDA Consortium

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103475

Growth trajectories for executive and social cognitive abilities in an Indian population sample: Impact of demographic and psychosocial determinants

Asian J Psychiatr. 2023 Apr:82:103475. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103475. Epub 2023 Jan 20.

Authors

Eesha Sharma¹, G S Ravi², Keshav Kumar³, Kandavel Thennarasu⁴, Jon Heron⁵, Matthew Hickman⁵, Nilakshi Vaidya⁶, Bharath Holla⁷, Madhavi Rangaswamy⁸, Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta⁹, Murali Krishna¹⁰, Amit Chakrabarti¹¹, Debashish Basu¹², Subodh Bhagyalakshmi Nanjayya¹², Rajkumar Lenin Singh¹³, Roshan Lourembam¹⁴, Kalyanaraman Kumaran¹⁵, Rebecca Kuriyan¹⁶, Sunita Simon Kurpad¹⁷, Kamakshi Kartik¹⁸, Kartik Kalyanram¹⁸, Sylvane Desrivieres¹⁹, Gareth Barker²⁰, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos²¹, Mireille Toledano²², Meera Purushottam²³, Rose Dawn Bharath²⁴, Pratima Murthy²⁵, Sanjeev Jain²⁵, Gunter Schumann²⁶, Vivek Benegal²⁷; cVEDA Consortium

Affiliations

¹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India. Electronic address: dreesha@nimhans.ac.in.
² Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
³ Department of Mental Health and Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
⁴ Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
⁵ Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
⁶ PONS Centre, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
⁷ Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
⁸ Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
¹⁰ Foundation for Research and Advocacy in Mental Health, Mysuru, India.
¹¹ ICMR-Centre on Non-Communicable Diseases, Kolkata, India.
¹² Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India.
¹⁴ Department of Psychology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India.
¹⁵ MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, United Kingdom & Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysuru, India.
¹⁶ Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.
¹⁷ Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
¹⁸ Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Chittoor, India.
¹⁹ Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, MRC SGDP Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom.
²⁰ Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
²¹ NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
²² MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
²³ Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
²⁴ Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
²⁵ Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
²⁶ PONS Centre, Charité Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
²⁷ Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.

PMID: 36736106
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103475

Abstract

Cognitive abilities are markers of brain development and psychopathology. Abilities, across executive, and social domains need better characterization over development, including factors that influence developmental change. This study is based on the cVEDA [Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions] study, an Indian population based developmental cohort. Verbal working memory, visuo-spatial working memory, response inhibition, set-shifting, and social cognition (faux pas recognition and emotion recognition) were cross-sectionally assessed in > 8000 individuals over the ages 6-23 years. There was adequate representation across sex, urban-rural background, psychosocial risk (psychopathology, childhood adversity and wealth index, i.e. socio-economic status). Quantile regression was used to model developmental change. Age-based trajectories were generated, along with examination of the impact of determinants (sex, childhood adversity, and wealth index). Development in both executive and social cognitive abilities continued into adulthood. Maturation and stabilization occurred in increasing order of complexity, from working memory to inhibitory control to cognitive flexibility. Age related change was more pronounced for low quantiles in response inhibition (β∼4 versus </=2 for higher quantiles), but for higher quantiles in set-shifting (β > -1 versus -0.25 for lower quantiles). Wealth index had the largest influence on developmental change across cognitive abilities. Sex differences were prominent in response inhibition, set-shifting and emotion recognition. Childhood adversity had a negative influence on cognitive development. These findings add to the limited literature on patterns and determinants of cognitive development. They have implications for understanding developmental vulnerabilities in young persons, and the need for providing conducive socio-economic environments.

Keywords: Cognitive development; Emotion recognition; Executive functions; Growth trajectory; Quantile regression; Social cognition.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Child
Cognition*
Demography
Emotions / physiology
Executive Function / physiology
Female
Humans
Male
Memory, Short-Term* / physiology
Social Skills
Young Adult

Abstract

MeSH terms

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