Above the Invasive and Ornamental Attributes of the Traveler's Palm: An In Vitro and In Silico Insight into the Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Cytotoxic and Phytochemical Characterization of Ravenala madagascariensis

Shanoo Suroowan; Eulogio Jose Llorent-Martínez; Gokhan Zengin; Stefano Dall'Acqua; Stefania Sut; Kalaivani Buskaran; Sharida Fakurazi; Bao Le Van; Mohnad Abdalla; Ashraf N Abdalla; Asaad Khalid; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally

doi:10.3390/antiox12010184

Above the Invasive and Ornamental Attributes of the Traveler's Palm: An In Vitro and In Silico Insight into the Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Cytotoxic and Phytochemical Characterization of Ravenala madagascariensis

Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jan 12;12(1):184. doi: 10.3390/antiox12010184.

Authors

Shanoo Suroowan¹, Eulogio Jose Llorent-Martínez², Gokhan Zengin³, Stefano Dall'Acqua⁴, Stefania Sut⁴, Kalaivani Buskaran⁵, Sharida Fakurazi^{5

6}, Bao Le Van^{7

8}, Mohnad Abdalla⁹, Ashraf N Abdalla¹⁰, Asaad Khalid^{11

12}, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally^{1

13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
² Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
³ Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
⁵ Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Product Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁶ Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁷ Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
⁸ Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
⁹ Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China.
¹⁰ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 2404, Sudan.
¹³ Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India.
¹⁴ Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.

Abstract

Ravenala madagascariensis is a widely known ornamental and medicinal plant, but with a dearth of scientific investigations regarding its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Hence, these properties were appraised in this study. The DPPH (154.08 ± 2.43 mgTE/g), FRAP (249.40 ± 3.01 mgTE/g), CUPRAC (384.57 ± 1.99 mgTE/g), metal chelating (29.68 ± 0.74 mgEDTAE/g) and phosphomolybdenum assay (2.38 ± 0.07 mmolTE/g) results demonstrated that the aqueous extract had the most prominent antioxidant activity, while the methanolic extract displayed the best antioxidant potential in the ABTS assay (438.46 ± 1.69 mgTE/g). The HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS-MS analysis allowed the characterization of 41 metabolites. The methanolic extract was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. All extracts were active against the alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, with the ethyl acetate extract being the most active against the alpha-amylase enzyme, while the methanolic extract showed the best alpha-glucosidase inhibition. A plethora of metabolites bonded more energetically with the assayed enzymes active sites based on the results of the in silico studies. R. madagascariensis extracts used in this study exhibited cytotoxicity against HT29 cells. The IC₅₀ of the methanolic extract was lower (506.99 ug/mL). Based on the heat map, whereby flavonoids were found to be in greater proportion in the extracts, it can be concluded that the flavonoid portion of the extracts contributed to the most activity.

Keywords: Ravenala madagascariensis; antioxidants; enzyme inhibition; natural agents.

Grants and funding

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4331128DSR33).