Objective: To detect the microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins carried by exosomes in the plasma of patients with newly diagnosed Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) and analyze their possible roles in the pathogenesis of TAK. Methods: Ten patients with newly diagnosed TAK from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected during June-November 2020. Five healthy controls were matched with five patients by age and sex. RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry were used to detect miRNAs and proteins, respectively, carried by exosomes in the plasma. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and proteins (DEPs) were screened. Thereafter, hierarchical cluster analysis, function, signal pathway, and protein domain enrichment analysis of DE-miRNAs and DEPs were performed. Finally, miRNAs and proteins related to vasculitis and autoimmunity were identified. The possible roles of the miRNAs and proteins in the pathogenesis of TAK were explored. Enumeration data were compared using Fisher's exact probability test or Chi-square test, and a P-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, patients with TAK had 29 DE-miRNAs on their plasma exosomes. Among these DE-miRNAs, miR-101-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-185-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-194-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-3613-5p, miR-548ad-5p, miR-590-3p, and miR-7-5p were upregulated; whereas miR-1249-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-29c-5p, miR-335-3p, miR-381-3p, miR-4433b-5p, and miR-584-5p were downregulated. Finally, miR-34a-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-22-3p, and miR-21-5p were identified. Among the 357 DEPs screened, 236 DEPs were upregulated, whereas 121 DEPs were downregulated. Finally, kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), kininogen 1 (KNG1), desmoplakin (DSP) were identified. Conclusion: MiR-34a-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-21-5p, KLKB1, KNG1, and DSP carried by exosomes in plasma might participate in the pathogenesis of TAK by regulating vascular physiology, inflammation, autoimmunity, and other processes. They may be biomarkers and therapeutic targets of TAK.
目的： 检测初治多发性大动脉炎（TAK）患者血浆外泌体携带的微小RNA和蛋白，分析其在TAK发病机制中的可能作用。 方法： 选2020年6月至11月北京协和医院风湿免疫科确诊的初治TAK患者10例，另选与之年龄性别匹配的健康对照者5例，分别通过RNA测序和蛋白质谱技术检测血浆外泌体携带的微小RNA和蛋白，筛选出差异表达的微小RNA和蛋白，并对其进行层次聚类分析、功能、信号通路和结构域富集分析，最终筛选出与血管炎有关的微小RNA和蛋白，探究其在TAK发病机制中的可能作用。统计学采用Fisher精确概率检验或χ²检验。 结果： TAK患者血浆外泌体携带的差异表达的微小RNA 29个，其中miR-101-3p、miR-122-5p、miR-143-3p、miR-185-3p、miR-192-5p、miR-194-5p、miR-19a-3p、miR-19b-3p、miR-20b-5p、miR-21-5p、miR-22-3p、miR-335-5p、miR-34a-5p、miR-3613-5p、miR-548ad-5p、miR-590-3p、miR-7-5p表达上调，miR-1249-3p、miR-141-3p、miR-199a-5p、miR-199b-5p、miR-200a-3p、miR-200c-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-29c-5p、miR-335-3p、miR-381-3p、miR-4433b-5p、miR-584-5p表达下调。差异表达的蛋白357个，其中236个表达上调，121个表达下调，最终筛选前激肽释放酶、激肽原1、桥粒蛋白。 结论： 血浆外泌体携带的miR-34a-5p、miR-200c-3p、miR-143-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-21-5p、前激肽释放酶、激肽原1、桥粒蛋白可能通过调节血管生理过程、炎症反应、自身免疫等过程参与TAK的发病机制，具有作为TAK生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜在作用。.