How May a Brief Seizure Lead to Prolonged Epileptic Amnesia?

Brain Topogr. 2023 Mar;36(2):129-134. doi: 10.1007/s10548-022-00930-z. Epub 2023 Jan 9.

Abstract

Pure amnestic seizures are defined as self-limited episodes with isolated, anterograde memory loss and have been attributed to bilateral dysfunction of mesial temporal structures. This type of seizure can occur in patients with different forms of temporal lobe epilepsy and has been more recently associated with a late-onset epileptic syndrome, called transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). The mechanisms of such prolonged manifestations are not well known and notably its ictal or post-ictal origin remains poorly understood. We report a case of prolonged anterograde amnesia (lasting several hours) following a brief seizure induced by stimulation of the left entorhinal cortex, recorded during stereo-EEG (SEEG). This episode was associated with prolonged changes in the intracerebral EEG signal complexity (entropy) within bilateral mesial temporal structures, particularly the entorhinal cortices, with a progressive normalization paralleling the clinical recovery. Our case shows that long-lasting (hours) memory impairment may follow brief seizure that led to prolonged electrophysiological signals alterations in bilateral mesial temporal structures.

Keywords: Drug-resistant epilepsy; Memory; Partial epilepsy; SEEG; Stimulation.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amnesia / complications
  • Amnesia / diagnostic imaging
  • Electroencephalography
  • Epilepsy*
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Seizures