Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of combined strategy of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibitor on homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-proficient ovarian cancer cells. Methods: (1) HRD-proficient ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and CAOV3 were treated with PARP inhibitor olaparib. Screening by RNA sequencing analysis, the expression level of IL-1β was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot. (2) The dose-response curves of IL-1β inhibitor diacerein were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays in OVCAR3 and CAOV3 cells. CCK-8 assays were further applied to determine the viabilities of OVCAR3 and CAOV3 cells. (3) To evaluate the synergistic effects of olaparib and IL-1β inhibitor in vivo, the transplanted ovarian cancer model was constructed. BALB/c-nude mice (n=16) were injected intraperitoneally with 1×107 OVACR3 cells labelled with luciferase (OVCAR3-Luc). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was performed to determine nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation (Ki-67) expression. (4) Blood routine tests, kidney and liver function tests were performed to analyze the toxic reaction of different drug treatments. The potential drug-induced injuries of vital organs including heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys of nude mice were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Results: (1) The RNA sequencing results showed that the mRNA level of IL-1β was the most significantly increased among the 25 differentially expressed genes in OVCAR3 cells treated with olaparib, compared to the negative control group. Olaparib treatment significantly promoted the secretion and expression of IL-1β protein in both OVACR3 and CAOV3 cells by ELISA [(36.2±3.5) and (49.5±3.5) pg/ml, respectively; all P<0.001] and western bolt (2.87±0.37 and 2.05±0.08, respectively; all P<0.01). (2) The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of IL-1β inhibitor was determined as follows: 75 μmol/L for OVACR3 cells and 100 μmol/L for CAOV3 cells. The treatments were divided into four groups including control group, olaparib monotherapy group, IL-1β inhibitor monotherapy group and the combination therapy group. The cell viabilities of each group in OVCAR3 and CAOV3 were determined by CCK-8 assay. The data in each group were showed as follows for OVCAR3 and CAOV3 cells: (100.0±0.4)% and (100.0±3.5)% in control group; (63.1±6.2)% and (63.3±3.8)% in olaparib monotherapy group; (61.6±4.7)% and (63.8±3.5)% in IL-1β inhibitor monotherapy group; and (32.9±5.2)% and (30.0±1.3)% in the combination therapy group. The viability assay showed that the combined strategy exhibited a significant inhibition effect on OVACR3 and CAOV3 cells, compared to the monotherapy group and the control group (all P<0.01). (3) All mice with transplanted tumors of HRD-proficient ovarian cancer cells were randomly divided into four groups, and treated with four different treatments as mentioned above, respectively. After 4 weeks (on day 29), the vivo fluorescence imaging were determined. The results showed that the amount of fluorescence of transplanted tumors was mostly decreased in the combination therapy group [(0.5±0.4)×1010 p/s], compared to the control group [(4.2±1.0)×1010 p/s] or the groups treated with any single drug [(3.1±0.9)×1010, (2.2±0.9)×1010 p/s; all P<0.05]. Mice were then sacrificed under anesthesia, and all transplanted tumors detached and weighed for further investigation. The weight of transplanted tumors was significantly decreased in the combination therapy group [(0.09±0.03) g], compared to that in control group [(0.25±0.05) g] or groups treated with any single drug [(0.17±0.03), (0.19±0.04) g; all P<0.05]. The measurement of the expression of Ki-67 showed that it was significantly decreased in the combination therapy group (0.33±0.10), compared to that in the control group (1.00±0.20) or monotherapy groups (0.76±0.07, 0.77±0.12; all P<0.05). (4) There were no significant differences of body weights, blood routine test, renal and liver function tests among mice with different treatments (all P>0.05). Moreover, no significant injuries were observed in the vital organs among the four groups. Conclusions: The combination of olaparib and IL-1β inhibitor synergistically exhibits significant cytotoxicity in HRD-proficient ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, the blood routine and blood biochemistry results confirmed the biosafety of the combination of olaparib and IL-1β inhibitor.
目的： 探讨聚二磷酸腺苷核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂联合白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）抑制剂对同源重组修复缺陷（HRD）阴性卵巢上皮性癌（卵巢癌）细胞的抑制作用。 方法： （1）使用HRD阴性的卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞，先分别给予PARP抑制剂奥拉帕利（122 μmol/L）和二甲基亚砜（作为对照）处理OVCAR3细胞，RNA测序及筛选差异表达基因；随后采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白印迹（western blot）法验证奥拉帕利处理后OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞中IL-1β蛋白的表达。（2）根据不同浓度（0、1.25、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160、320 μmol/L）IL-1β抑制剂diacerein（为蒽醌类化合物）在OVCAR3和CAOV3细胞中的药物剂量反应曲线，确定两种细胞IL-1β抑制剂的50%抑制浓度（IC50）。细胞实验分为4组，对照组、奥拉帕利组、IL-1β抑制剂组、奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组，活细胞计数（CCK-8）法检测4组OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞的存活率。（3）将稳定表达荧光素酶基因luciferase的OVCAR3细胞（OVCAR3-Luc细胞）按照1×107个/只接种于裸鼠腹腔中，建立裸鼠腹腔移植瘤模型。动物实验将16只成瘤裸鼠采用随机表法随机分为4组，对照组、奥拉帕利组、IL-1β抑制剂组、奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组，每组4只。采用荧光素酶小动物活体成像测定4组裸鼠移植瘤的荧光信号强度，免疫组化法检测移植瘤组织中增殖相关核抗原（Ki-67）蛋白的表达。（4）药物毒副反应：腹腔注射后第29天，裸鼠称重后取其外周血进行血常规和肝肾功能检测；随后处死裸鼠，取裸鼠重要器官进行HE染色评估药物对器官的损害情况。 结果： （1）RNA测序及差异表达基因筛选，共获得25个显著差异表达基因，尤以IL-1β mRNA的表达差异最显著。ELISA法检测显示，奥拉帕利处理后OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞分泌的IL-1β蛋白含量分别为（36.2±3.5）和（49.5±3.5）pg/ml，均显著高于对照OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞［分别为（5.3±0.7）和（14.7±0.7）pg/ml；P均<0.001］；western blot检测显示，奥拉帕利处理后OVCAR3和CAOV3细胞中IL-1β蛋白的相对表达水平分别为2.87±0.37、2.05±0.08，均显著高于对照OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞（均设为1.00；P均<0.001）。（2）剂量反应曲线确定IL-1β抑制剂在OVCAR3细胞中的IC50为75 μmol/L，CAOV3细胞中为100 μmol/L。CCK-8法检测显示，对照组、奥拉帕利组、IL-1β抑制剂组、奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组OVCAR3细胞的存活率分别为（100.0±0.4）%、（63.1±6.2）%、（61.6±4.7）%、（32.9±5.2）%，CAOV3细胞分别为（100.0±3.5）%、（63.3±3.8）%、（63.8±3.5）%、（30.0±1.3）%，奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组OVCAR3、CAOV3细胞的存活率均低于对照组、奥拉帕利组、IL-1β抑制剂组（P均<0.01）。（3）腹腔注射后第29天，荧光素酶小动物活体成像显示，奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组裸鼠移植瘤的荧光信号强度为（0.5±0.4）×1010 p/s，显著低于对照组［（4.2±1.0）×1010 p/s］、奥拉帕利组［（3.1±0.9）×1010 p/s］、IL-1β抑制剂组［（2.2±0.9）×1010 p/s；P均<0.05］；奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组裸鼠瘤重为（0.09±0.03）g，显著低于对照组［（0.25±0.05）g］、奥拉帕利组［（0.17±0.03）g］、IL-1β抑制剂组［（0.19±0.04）g；P均<0.05］。免疫组化法检测显示，奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组裸鼠移植瘤组织中Ki-67蛋白的表达水平为0.33±0.10，显著低于对照组（1.00±0.20）、奥拉帕利组（0.76±0.07）、IL-1β抑制剂组（0.77±0.12；P均<0.05）。（4）药物毒副反应：腹腔注射后第29天，奥拉帕利+IL-1β抑制剂组裸鼠的体重、血常规和肝肾功能，分别与对照组、奥拉帕利组、IL-1β抑制剂组比较，差异均无明显统计学意义（P均>0.05）。重要器官包括心、肝、脾、肺和肾，镜下观察均未见明显致死性损害。 结论： PARP抑制剂奥拉帕利联合IL-1β抑制剂在HRD阴性的卵巢癌细胞中显示出显著的肿瘤抑制作用，且无明显的药物毒副反应。.