New Screening System Using Forward-Viewing Radial Endoscopic Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for High-Risk Individuals With Familial History of Pancreatic Cancer

Reiko Ashida; Tatsuya Ioka; Ryoji Takada; Nobuyasu Fukutake; Kenji Ikezawa; Kazuyoshi Ohkawa; Shigenori Nagata; Hidenori Takahashi

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.928182

New Screening System Using Forward-Viewing Radial Endoscopic Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for High-Risk Individuals With Familial History of Pancreatic Cancer

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jun 28:9:928182. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.928182. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Reiko Ashida^{1

2}, Tatsuya Ioka^{2

3}, Ryoji Takada⁴, Nobuyasu Fukutake^{4

5}, Kenji Ikezawa⁴, Kazuyoshi Ohkawa⁴, Shigenori Nagata⁶, Hidenori Takahashi^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
² Department of Cancer Survey and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
³ Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
⁴ Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
⁵ Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
⁶ Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
⁷ Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
⁸ Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Abstract

Background and aims: Attention is increasingly being paid to family history of pancreatic cancer (PC) as a risk factor for developing PC. It is mandatory to develop a screening system for early detection of PC; however, the relationship between a family history of PC and the incidence of pancreatic abnormalities, such as pancreatic cyst and chronic pancreatitis (CP), in the Japanese population remains unknown.

Patients and methods: Individuals with a family history of PC were prospectively enrolled in a screening program using forward-viewing radial endoscopic ultrasound (FR-EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as the diagnostic modalities.

Results: In total, forty-three individuals in 37 families were enrolled (mean age, 54 years). All individuals underwent FR-EUS and MRI with no complications. FR-EUS revealed resectable PC (n = 1, 2.3%), pancreatic cysts (n = 24, 55.8%), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN; n = 13, 30.2%), and early CP-like appearance (n = 15, 34.9%). The detection rate of early CP-like appearance was significantly higher by EUS than by MRI. Pancreatic cysts and IPMN detected by FR-EUS were significantly correlated to age (≥60 years) and less correlated to men (hazard ratio [HR] 22.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-236.0; p < 0.01 and HR 0.092; 95% CI, 0.01-0.83; p = 0.033, respectively). Early CP-like appearance detected by FR-EUS was significantly correlated with men and smoking (HR 5.0; 95% CI, 1.3-19.3; p = 0.02 and HR 4.02; 95% CI, 0.991-16.3; p = 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion: A screening system using FR-EUS and MRI/MRCP for individuals with a family history of PC was useful for identifying curable PC and pancreatic abnormalities. The incidence of pancreatic cysts, such as IPMN and early CP-like appearance, was also high in the Japanese cohort.

Keywords: EUS; IPMN; early chronic pancreatitis; family history; pancreatic cancer.