Oscillators in the microvasculature: glycocalyx and beyond

Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2022 Aug 1;323(2):C432-C438. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00170.2022. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Abstract

The growing recognition of abundance of oscillating functions in biological systems has motivated this brief overview, which narrows down on the microvasculature. Specifically, it encompasses self-sustained oscillations of blood flow, hematocrit, and viscosity at bifurcations; blood flow effects on the oscillations of endothelial glycocalyx, mechanotransduction, and its termination to prime endothelial cells for the subsequent mechanical signaling event; oscillating affinity of hyaluronan-CD44 binding domain; spontaneous contractility of actomyosin complexes in the cortical actin web and its effects on the tension of the plasma membrane; reversible effects of sirtuin-1 on endothelial glycocalyx; and effects of plasma membrane tension on endo- and exocytosis. Some potential interactions between those oscillators, and their coupling, are discussed together with their transition into chaotic movements. Future in-depth understanding of the oscillatory activities in the microvasculature could serve as a guide to its chronotherapy under pathological conditions.

Keywords: actin; bifurcations; capillaries; hyaluronan; plasma membrane.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton
  • Endothelial Cells*
  • Glycocalyx* / metabolism
  • Mechanotransduction, Cellular
  • Microvessels