Understanding and management of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis from a child psychiatry perspective: report of five cases

Neurocase. 2022 Apr;28(2):239-245. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2086468. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Abstract

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune entity in psychiatry literature that occurs when antibodies attack NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the brain. Principle clinical features include a neurological domain such as seizure, orofacial dyskinesia, dystonia, and choreic-like movements of extremities. Also the psychiatric manifestations of this form of encephalitis may vary from psychotic-like symptoms to mood symptoms like depression or mania. Herein we report on five female child cases diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, presented with both neurological and psychiatric clinical picture, and highlight the trajectory of disorder from a psychiatric perspective.

Keywords: Anti-NMDA receptor; acute psychosis; depression; limbic encephalitis; neuropsychiatric disorders.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis* / complications
  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis* / diagnosis
  • Brain
  • Child
  • Child Psychiatry*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
  • Seizures

Substances

  • Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate