Binding of the erlin1/2 complex to the third intralumenal loop of IP3R1 triggers its ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation

Abstract

Long-term activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP₃Rs) leads to their degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The first and rate-limiting step in this process is thought to be the association of conformationally active IP₃Rs with the erlin1/2 complex, an endoplasmic reticulum-located oligomer of erlin1 and erlin2 that recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF170, but the molecular determinants of this interaction remain unknown. Here, through mutation of IP₃R1, we show that the erlin1/2 complex interacts with the IP₃R1 intralumenal loop 3 (IL3), the loop between transmembrane (TM) helices 5 and 6, and in particular, with a region close to TM5, since mutation of amino acids D-2471 and R-2472 can specifically block erlin1/2 complex association. Surprisingly, we found that additional mutations in IL3 immediately adjacent to TM5 (e.g., D2465N) almost completely abolish IP₃R1 Ca²⁺ channel activity, indicating that the integrity of this region is critical to IP₃R1 function. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBE1 by the small-molecule inhibitor TAK-243 completely blocked IP₃R1 ubiquitination and degradation without altering erlin1/2 complex association, confirming that association of the erlin1/2 complex is the primary event that initiates IP₃R1 processing and that IP₃R1 ubiquitination mediates IP₃R1 degradation. Overall, these data localize the erlin1/2 complex-binding site on IP₃R1 to IL3 and show that the region immediately adjacent to TM5 is key to the events that facilitate channel opening.

Keywords: calcium channel; endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation; erlin1/2 complex; inositol trisphosphate receptor; protein–protein interaction; ubiquitination.