Improvement in the probiotic efficacy of Bacillus subtilis E20-stimulates growth and health status of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei via encapsulation in alginate and coated with chitosan

Rusyda Nur Adilah; Shieh-Tsung Chiu; Shao-Yang Hu; Rolissa Ballantyne; Nursyam Happy; Ann-Chang Cheng; Chun-Hung Liu

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.002

Improvement in the probiotic efficacy of Bacillus subtilis E20-stimulates growth and health status of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei via encapsulation in alginate and coated with chitosan

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Jun:125:74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 5.

Authors

Rusyda Nur Adilah¹, Shieh-Tsung Chiu², Shao-Yang Hu³, Rolissa Ballantyne⁴, Nursyam Happy⁵, Ann-Chang Cheng⁶, Chun-Hung Liu⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
² Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
³ Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
⁵ Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
⁶ Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811213, Taiwan. Electronic address: annchang@nkust.edu.tw.
⁷ Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan. Electronic address: chliu@mail.npust.edu.tw.

PMID: 35526801
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.002

Abstract

The aim of this study was to increase the efficacy of probiotic Bacillus subtilis E20 by encapsulating the probiotic in alginate and coating it with chitosan. The protective effect was evaluated by firstly ensuring the viability of encapsulated probiotics in simulated gastrointestinal fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) conditions and then at different storage temperatures. In addition, the encapsulated probiotic was incorporated into the diet to improve the growth performance and health status of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. B. subtilis E20 has the ability to survive in SGF when encapsulated in 1.5-2% alginate and coated with 0.4% chitosan. Furthermore, viability increased significantly in SIF compared to the probiotic encapsulated in 1% alginate and coated with 0.4% chitosan and the non-encapsulated probiotic. Longer storage time and adverse conditions affected probiotics' survival, which was improved by the encapsulation with significantly higher viability than the non-encapsulated probiotic at different temperatures and storage duration. Encapsulation of B. subtilis E20 and dietary administration at 10⁷ CFU kg^-1 decreased shrimp mortality after a Vibrio infection, thereby improving shrimp's disease resistance, while the non-encapsulated probiotic required 10⁹ CFU kg^-1 to achieve better resistance. Although the best results of growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus were found in the shrimp fed with the diets supplemented with encapsulated probiotic at >10⁸ CFU kg^-1, shrimp's growth performance and health status improved after being fed 10⁷ CFU kg^-1 encapsulated probiotic for 56 days. Together, the results of this study prove that encapsulation could improve the viability of probiotic in different gastrointestinal conditions and adverse storage temperatures. Overall, lower concentrations of encapsulated probiotic B. subtilis E20 (10⁷ CFU kg^-1) was able to increase the growth performance and health status of shrimp.

Keywords: Alginate; B. subtilis; Chitosan; Encapsulation; Growth performance; Health status.

MeSH terms

Alginates
Animals
Bacillus subtilis
Chitosan*
Disease Resistance
Health Status
Penaeidae*
Probiotics* / pharmacology

Substances

Alginates
Chitosan