1 UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe: épidémiologie hospitalière qualité et organisation des soins, Medical Intensive Care, Sorbonne Universités, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012, Paris, France. bertrand.guidet@aphp.fr.
2 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, service de réanimation médicale, 75012, Paris, France. bertrand.guidet@aphp.fr.
3 Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
4 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
5 Department of Anaestesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
6 Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
7 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Corporacion Sanitaria Universitaria Parc Tauli, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
8 Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
9 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Universitätsspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
10 Medical Intensive Care, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
11 General Intensive Care, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
12 Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
13 Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
14 Department of Intensive Care 1K12IC, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
15 Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School University of Crete, Giofirakia, Greece.
16 Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
17 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ålesund Hospital, Alesund, Norway.
18 Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
19 Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa, Nova Médical School, Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neurocríticos e Trauma. Hospital de São José, Lisbon, Portugal.
20 Department of Anaesthesia IRCCS, Instituto Clínico Humanitas, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
21 General Intensive Care, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
22 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
23 UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe: épidémiologie hospitalière qualité et organisation des soins, Medical Intensive Care, Sorbonne Universités, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012, Paris, France.
24 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, service de réanimation médicale, 75012, Paris, France.