We report a fatal case of vaccine-associated measles encephalitis in an immunocompromised child in California, USA. The infection was confirmed by whole-genome RNA sequencing of measles virus from brain tissue. We observed biased matrix-gene hypermutation consistent with persistent measles virus central nervous system infection.
Keywords: California; United States; immunocompromised patient; measles; meningitis/encephalitis; stem cell transplant; vaccination; vaccine-preventable diseases; vaccines; viruses.