Dietary patterns, skeletal muscle mass loss, and cardiovascular risk among elderly men: A preliminary cross-sectional study in Sichuan province

Abstract

The present study investigated the correlation between dietary patterns (DPs) with skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and cardiovascular risks in Sichuan males aged ≥65-years-old. Three major DPs were extracted by principal component analysis: animal-based and processed food, traditional food, and ovo-lacto vegetarian food, which accounted for 14.83%, 14.36%, and 11.86% of the variance, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that animal-based and processed food DP was positively associated with overweight/obesity(OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.94-5.46) and dyslipidemia(OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 2.00-6.22). Traditional DP was negatively associated with overweight/obesity(OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.72), dyslipidemia(OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.75), and high blood pressure(OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38-0.77), but positively associated with decreased SMM (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.36-3.16). Ovo-lacto vegetarian DP was negatively associated with dyslipidemia (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39-0.81) and hyperuricemia (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39-0.79), but positively associated with decreased SMM (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.74-2.32). How to choose the best DP to control the cardiovascular risks and fight skeletal muscle loss needs further investigation in the future.

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Dietary pattern; Elderly male; Factor analysis; Principal component analysis; Skeletal muscle mass; Smplified food frequency questionnaire.