Synchrony in head and neck surgery: Feasibility and outcomes of simultaneous scapular free flap reconstruction

Abstract

Background: The scapula free flap is a versatile option in head and neck reconstruction but is less amenable to simultaneous harvest and ablation.

Methods: Retrospective series (2015-2021) of consecutive scapula flaps. Cases categorized as simultaneous versus sequential, compared for operative time, oncological and patient-reported outcomes.

Results: Seventy consecutive scapula free flaps were performed (n = 21 simultaneous, n = 49 sequential). Mandible reconstruction was performed in 51.0% and 61.9% of sequential and simultaneous cases, respectively; 49.0% and 38.1% addressed bony maxillary defects. Simultaneous surgery reduced operative time by 37.9% (151 min, p < 0.00001) and there were fewer tracheostomies performed (p < 0.005). Rates of positive margins and free flap compromise were equivalent (n = 1, 4.8% vs. n = 2, 4.1%). There was no difference in patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions: This series demonstrates feasibility, efficacy, and outcomes of bony scapula reconstruction of maxillofacial defects comparing simultaneous and sequential approaches. Benefits of the two-team approach are highlighted including decreased operative time.

Keywords: cancer; free flap; head and neck surgery; reconstructive surgery; scapula.