Although assisted reproductive technology has reduced the need for surgery for women with infertility, there is evidence to support, that targeted reproductive surgery can improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes. In the last decades, increased access to minimal invasive surgery has brought a new era to reproductive surgery. An integration of reproductive surgery in the fertility treatment is therefore recommended. The patient should be offered detailed information regarding the pros and cons before the surgical treatment, as the evidence in the field is sparse, which is discussed in this review.