Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the neonatal brain

Yulu Song; Peter J Lally; Maria Yanez Lopez; Georg Oeltzschner; Mary Beth Nebel; Borjan Gagoski; Steven Kecskemeti; Steve C N Hui; Helge J Zöllner; Deepika Shukla; Tomoki Arichi; Enrico De Vita; Vivek Yedavalli; Sudhin Thayyil; Daniele Fallin; Douglas C Dean 3rd; P Ellen Grant; Jessica L Wisnowski; Richard A E Edden

doi:10.1007/s00234-021-02821-9

Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the neonatal brain

Neuroradiology. 2022 Feb;64(2):217-232. doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02821-9. Epub 2021 Oct 15.

Authors

Yulu Song^{1

2}, Peter J Lally³, Maria Yanez Lopez⁴, Georg Oeltzschner^{1

2}, Mary Beth Nebel^{5

6}, Borjan Gagoski^{7

8}, Steven Kecskemeti⁹, Steve C N Hui^{1

2}, Helge J Zöllner^{1

2}, Deepika Shukla¹⁰, Tomoki Arichi^{4

11}, Enrico De Vita^{4

12}, Vivek Yedavalli¹³, Sudhin Thayyil¹⁰, Daniele Fallin^{14

15}, Douglas C Dean 3rd^{9

16

17}, P Ellen Grant^{7

8

18}, Jessica L Wisnowski^{19

20}, Richard A E Edden^{21

22

23}

Affiliations

¹ Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
² F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³ Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁴ Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
⁵ Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁷ Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁸ Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁹ Waisman Center, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
¹⁰ Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹¹ Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
¹² Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas's Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth Wing, 3rd Floor, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
¹³ Division of Neuroradiology, Park 367G, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. B-112 D, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
¹⁴ Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Nursery, University of WI-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Medical Physics, University of WI-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁹ Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
²⁰ Department of Radiology and Fetal and Neonatal Institute, CHLA Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
²¹ Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. raee2@jhu.edu.
²² F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. raee2@jhu.edu.
²³ Division of Neuroradiology, Park 367G, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. B-112 D, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. raee2@jhu.edu.

Abstract

J-difference-edited spectroscopy is a valuable approach for the detection of low-concentration metabolites with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Currently, few edited MRS studies are performed in neonates due to suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio, relatively long acquisition times, and vulnerability to motion artifacts. Nonetheless, the technique presents an exciting opportunity in pediatric imaging research to study rapid maturational changes of neurotransmitter systems and other metabolic systems in early postnatal life. Studying these metabolic processes is vital to understanding the widespread and rapid structural and functional changes that occur in the first years of life. The overarching goal of this review is to provide an introduction to edited MRS for neonates, including the current state-of-the-art in editing methods and editable metabolites, as well as to review the current literature applying edited MRS to the neonatal brain. Existing challenges and future opportunities, including the lack of age-specific reference data, are also discussed.

Keywords: Edited MRS; J-difference editing; Low-concentration metabolites; Neonatal brain; Relaxation time.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Artifacts
Brain* / diagnostic imaging
Child
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid*

Substances

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding