End-of-Life Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The 3 Wishes Program

Thanh H Neville; Danielle K Bear; Yuhan Kao; Xueqing Sherry Xu; Kristen Hjelmhaug; Desiree Quebral; Natalie Sanaee; Jessica Hainje; Genevieve Arriola; Maria Carmela Granone; Elizabeth White; Apurva Chaturvedi; Shuyi Yu; France Clarke; Deborah J Cook

doi:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000549

End-of-Life Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The 3 Wishes Program

Crit Care Explor. 2021 Oct 8;3(10):e549. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000549. eCollection 2021 Oct.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
² Office of the Patient Experience, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
³ Department of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
⁴ University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
⁵ St Joseph's Healthcare Intensive Care Unit, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
⁶ Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Abstract

Patient- and family-centered end-of-life care can be difficult to achieve in light of visitation restrictions and infection-prevention measures. We evaluated how the 3 Wishes Program evolved to allow continued provision of compassionate end-of-life care for critically ill patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Design: This is a prospective observational study where data were collected 1 year prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and 1 year after (from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2021). The number of deceased patients whose care involved the 3 Wishes Program, their characteristics, and wishes were compared between prepandemic and pandemic periods.

Setting: Six adult ICUs of a two-hospital health system in Los Angeles.

Patients: Deceased patients whose care involved the 3 Wishes Program.

Interventions: The 3 Wishes Program is a palliative care intervention in which individualized wishes are implemented for dying patients and their families.

Measurements and main results: During the study period, the end-of-life care for 523 patients involved the 3 Wishes Program; more patients received the 3 Wishes Program as part of their end-of-life care during the pandemic period than during the prepandemic study period (24.8 vs 17.6 patients/mo; p = 0.044). Patients who died during the pandemic compared with prepandemic were less likely to have family at the bedside and more likely to have postmortem wishes fulfilled for their families. Compared with the 736 wishes implemented during the prepandemic period, the 969 wishes completed during the pandemic were more likely to involve keepsakes. Wishes were most commonly implemented by bedside nurses, although the 3 Wishes Program project manager (not involved in the patient's clinical care) was more likely to assist remotely during the pandemic (24.8% vs 12.1%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Bedside innovations, programmatic adaptations, and institutional support made it possible for healthcare workers to continue the 3 Wishes Program and provide compassionate end-of-life care in the ICU during this pandemic.

Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019; end-of-life; intensive care unit; palliative care; pandemic; patient-centered care.