Breast cancer patient experiences through a journey map: A qualitative study

PLoS One. 2021 Sep 22;16(9):e0257680. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257680. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in women. Prevention and treatments have lowered mortality; nevertheless, the impact of the diagnosis and treatment continue to impact all aspects of patients' lives (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual).

Objective: This study seeks to explore the experiences of the different stages women with breast cancer go through by means of a patient journey.

Methods: This is a qualitative study in which 21 women with breast cancer or survivors were interviewed. Participants were recruited at 9 large hospitals in Spain and intentional sampling methods were applied. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview that was elaborated with the help of medical oncologists, nurses, and psycho-oncologists. Data were processed by adopting a thematic analysis approach.

Results: The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer entails a radical change in patients' day-to-day that linger in the mid-term. Seven stages have been defined that correspond to the different medical processes: diagnosis/unmasking stage, surgery/cleaning out, chemotherapy/loss of identity, radiotherapy/transition to normality, follow-up care/the "new" day-to-day, relapse/starting over, and metastatic/time-limited chronic breast cancer. The most relevant aspects of each are highlighted, as are the various cross-sectional aspects that manifest throughout the entire patient journey.

Conclusions: Comprehending patients' experiences in depth facilitates the detection of situations of risk and helps to identify key moments when more precise information should be offered. Similarly, preparing the women for the process they must confront and for the sequelae of medical treatments would contribute to decreasing their uncertainty and concern, and to improving their quality-of-life.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Neoplasms* / psychology
  • Breast Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Cancer Survivors / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Qualitative Research*
  • Quality of Life
  • Spain / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) in 2018. The sponsor of this research has not participated in the design of research, in writing the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.