Objective: To evaluate the safety and long-term clinical efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with in-stent chronic total occlusion (IS-CTO) lesions. Metheds: This is a retrospective analysis. Patients with IS-CTO who underwent PCI in Fuwai hospital from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled. A total of 212 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the IS-CTO group, 212 matched patients with primary CTO lesions were included in the de novo CTO group. The incidence of complications and the success rate of PCI were compared between the two groups. Successful PCI was defined as successfully implantation of stent(s) at target CTO lesions. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite event of cardiac death and myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary endpoints including PCI success, all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, target vessel related MI, revascularization, target vessel revascularization, heart failure for rehospitalization. The patients were followed up for 5 years after PCI. Results: A total of 424 cases were included. The mean age was (57.8±10.5) years, there were 364 males in this cohort. The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower ((58.7±9.2)% vs. (61.0±7.7)%, P=0.01) and the SYNTAX scores was significantly higher (19.4±8.3 vs. 15.3±10.0, P<0.01) in IS-CTO group than that in de novo CTO group. The proportion of patients with target CTO lesions in left anterior descending artery was significantly higher (42.9% (50/212) vs. 23.6% (91/212), P<0.01) in IS-CTO group than that in de novo CTO group. The rate of successful PCI (71.7% (152/212) vs. 69.8% (148/212), P=0.70) and complication (40.6% (86/212) vs. 36.3% (77/212), P=0.37) was similar between the two groups. The incidence of primary endpoint at 5 years was significantly higher in IS-CTO group (10.8% (23/212) vs. 4.7% (10/212), P=0.02), which was driven by higher incidence of MI (9.0% (19/212) vs. 4.2% (9/212), P=0.05). There were a trend of higher secondary endpoints in IS-CTO group (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The safety and effectiveness of PCI are acceptable in patients with IS-CTO, but the risk of long-term cardiac death and MI is higher among patients with IS-CTO as compared to patients with primary CTO lesions.
目的： 评价冠状动脉支架内慢性完全闭塞（IS-CTO）病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的安全性及远期疗效。 方法： 本研究为回顾性研究，选取2010年1月1日至2013年12月31日于中国医学科学院阜外医院接受PCI的冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（CTO）病变患者。将符合纳排标准的IS-CTO患者212例纳入IS-CTO组，以1∶1的比例匹配原发性CTO患者212例纳入原发CTO组。记录患者的术后并发症发生情况及PCI成功率。PCI成功定义为成功行CTO靶病变支架置入术。随访患者术后5年临床事件的发生情况。主要终点为心原性死亡联合心肌梗死的复合事件。次要终点为即刻手术成功、全因死亡、心原性死亡、心肌梗死、靶血管相关心肌梗死、血运重建、靶血管相关血运重建、心力衰竭再住院。 结果： 共纳入424例患者，年龄（57.8±10.5）岁，其中男性364例。与原发CTO组比较，IS-CTO组患者术前左心室射血分数较低［（58.7±9.2）%比（61.0±7.7）%，P=0.01］，术前SYNTAX评分较高（19.4±8.3比15.3±10.0，P<0.01），靶病变为左前降支者占比更高［42.9%（50/212）比23.6%（91/212），P<0.01］。IS-CTO组的PCI成功率［71.7%（152/212）比69.8%（148/212），P=0.70］和并发症发生率［40.6%（86/212）比36.3%（77/212），P=0.37］与原发CTO组差异无统计学意义。5年随访结果显示，IS-CTO组的心原性死亡联合心肌梗死的复合终点事件发生率高于原发CTO组［10.8%（23/212）比4.7%（10/212），P=0.02］，差异主要由心肌梗死事件驱动［9.0%（19/212）比4.2%（9/212），P=0.05］。IS-CTO组的其他次要终点事件发生率有高于原发CTO组的趋势，但差异均无统计意义（P均>0.05）。 结论： IS-CTO患者接受PCI的即刻手术安全性与有效性良好，但其远期心原性死亡及心肌梗死风险较原发CTO病变患者更高。.