Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status over Time on the Long-term Survival of Adolescent and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021 Sep;30(9):1717-1725. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0103. Epub 2021 Jul 8.

Abstract

Background: Although there are growing numbers of adolescent and young adult (AYA) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors, long-term overall survival (OS) patterns and disparities in this population are underreported. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), rurality, diagnosis age, sex, and HL stage over time on long-term survival in AYA HL survivors.

Methods: The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to identify survivors of HL diagnosed as AYAs (ages 15-39 years) between the years 1980 and 2009 and who were alive 5 years after diagnosis. An accelerated failure time model was used to estimate survival over time and compare survival between groups.

Results: There were 15,899 5-year survivors of AYA HL identified, with a median follow-up of 14.4 years and range up to 33.9 years from diagnosis. Non-Hispanic black survivors had inferior survival compared with non-Hispanic white survivors [survival time ratio (STR): 0.71, P = 0.002]. Male survivors, older age at diagnosis, those diagnosed at higher stages, and those living in areas of higher SES deprivation had unfavorable long-term survival. There was no evidence of racial or sex-based survival disparities changing over time.

Conclusions: Racial, SES, and sex-based disparities persist well into survivorship among AYA HL survivors.

Impact: Disparities in long-term survival among AYA HL survivors show no evidence of improving over time. Studies investigating specific factors associated with survival disparities are needed to identify opportunities for intervention.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cancer Survivors / statistics & numerical data*
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Health Status Disparities
  • Hodgkin Disease / mortality*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SEER Program
  • Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data*
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Young Adult