Influence of Onset to Imaging Time on Radiological Thrombus Characteristics in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Introduction: Radiological thrombus characteristics are associated with patient outcomes and treatment success after acute ischemic stroke. These characteristics could be expected to undergo time-dependent changes due to factors influencing thrombus architecture like blood stasis, clot contraction, and natural thrombolysis. We investigated whether stroke onset-to-imaging time was associated with thrombus length, perviousness, and density in the MR CLEAN Registry population. Methods: We included 245 patients with M1-segment occlusions and thin-slice baseline CT imaging from the MR CLEAN Registry, a nation-wide multicenter registry of patients who underwent endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke within 6.5 h of onset in the Netherlands. We used multivariable linear regression to investigate the effect of stroke onset-to-imaging time (per 5 min) on thrombus length (in mm), perviousness and density (both in Hounsfield Units). In the first model, we adjusted for age, sex, intravenous thrombolysis, antiplatelet use, and history of atrial fibrillation. In a second model, we additionally adjusted for observed vs. non-observed stroke onset, CT-angiography collateral score, direct presentation at a thrombectomy-capable center vs. transfer, and stroke etiology. We performed exploratory subgroup analyses for intravenous thrombolysis administration, observed vs. non-observed stroke onset, direct presentation vs. transfer, and stroke etiology. Results: Median stroke onset-to-imaging time was 83 (interquartile range 53-141) min. Onset to imaging time was not associated with thrombus length nor perviousness (β 0.002; 95% CI -0.004 to 0.007 and β -0.002; 95% CI -0.015 to 0.011 per 5 min, respectively) and was weakly associated with thrombus density in the fully adjusted model (adjusted β 0.100; 95% CI 0.005-0.196 HU per 5 min). The subgroup analyses showed no heterogeneity of these findings in any of the subgroups, except for a significantly positive relation between onset-to-imaging time and thrombus density in patients transferred from a primary stroke center (adjusted β 0.18; 95% CI 0.022-0.35). Conclusion: In our population of acute ischemic stroke patients, we found no clear association between onset-to-imaging time and radiological thrombus characteristics. This suggests that elapsed time from stroke onset plays a limited role in the interpretation of radiological thrombus characteristics and their effect on treatment results, at least in the early time window.

Keywords: acute ischemic stroke; computed tomography; endovascular treatment; ischemic stroke; radiological thrombus characteristics; thrombus density; thrombus length; thrombus perviousness.