Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers of a teaching hospital in Belgium: self-reported occupational and household risk factors for seropositivity

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 Aug;100(4):115414. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115414. Epub 2021 May 5.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among health care workers (HCWs) and to assess self-reported risk factors for seropositivity. A total of 3255 HCWs were included and the overall seroprevalence was 7.8%. The likelihood of seropositivity was higher in participants reporting any COVID-19 symptoms within the last 4 months (OR 8.32, 95% CI 5.83-11.88, P < 0.001). Being a female HCW (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-2.32, P < 0.01), having a cohabitant who was infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.78-3.66 P < 0.001) or a cohabitant who was a nursing home caregiver (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.59-8.65, P = 0.002) were independently associated with an increased risk of seropositivity. Working in a COVID-19 unit (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.21-2.23, P < 0.001) and being exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 infected co-worker (OR 1.30,95% CI 0.97-1.74, P = 0.016) resulted in higher seropositivity rate. Even if in-hospital exposure may play a significant role, increased infection risk is most likely attributable to household contact.

Keywords: COVID-19; HCW; SARS-CoV-2; household contact; risk factors; seroprevalence.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Belgium / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology*
  • COVID-19 Serological Testing
  • Family Characteristics
  • Female
  • Health Personnel*
  • Hospitals, Teaching*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Occupational Exposure*
  • Odds Ratio
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies