Defining the role of the polyasparagine repeat domain of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor Azf1p

PLoS One. 2021 May 21;16(5):e0247285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247285. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Across eukaryotes, homopolymeric repeats of amino acids are enriched in regulatory proteins such as transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. These domains play important roles in signaling, binding, prion formation, and functional phase separation. Azf1p is a prion-forming yeast transcription factor that contains two homorepeat domains, a polyglutamine and a polyasparagine domain. In this work, we report a new phenotype for Azf1p and identify a large set of genes that are regulated by Azf1p during growth in glucose. We show that the polyasparagine (polyN) domain plays a subtle role in transcription but is dispensable for Azf1p localization and prion formation. Genes upregulated upon deletion of the polyN domain are enriched in functions related to carbon metabolism and storage. This domain may therefore be a useful target for engineering yeast strains for fermentation applications and small molecule production. We also report that both the polyasparagine and polyglutamine domains vary in length across strains of S. cerevisiae and propose a model for how this variation may impact protein function.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Peptides / chemistry*
  • Prion Proteins / metabolism
  • Protein Domains
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / chemistry
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factors / chemistry
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • AZF1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Peptides
  • Prion Proteins
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • polyasparagine
  • Glucose

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Army Research Office [W911NF-16-1-0175, W911NF-19-1- 0299, and W911NF-20-1-0083 to S.M.F.]