The role of caveolin-1 in the biofate and efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and their nano-drug delivery systems

Abstract

As one of the most important components of caveolae, caveolin-1 is involved in caveolae-mediated endocytosis and transcytosis pathways, and also plays a role in regulating the cell membrane cholesterol homeostasis and mediating signal transduction. In recent years, the relationship between the expression level of caveolin-1 in the tumor microenvironment and the prognostic effect of tumor treatment and drug treatment resistance has also been widely explored. In addition, the interplay between caveolin-1 and nano-drugs is bidirectional. Caveolin-1 could determine the intracellular biofate of specific nano-drugs, preventing from lysosomal degradation, and facilitate them penetrate into deeper site of tumors by transcytosis; while some nanocarriers could also affect caveolin-1 levels in tumor cells, thereby changing certain biophysical function of cells. This article reviews the role of caveolin-1 in tumor prognosis, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, antibody drug sensitivity, and nano-drug delivery, providing a reference for the further application of caveolin-1 in nano-drug delivery systems.

Keywords: 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; ADC, antibody drug conjugates; BBB, blood–brain barrier; Biofate; CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts; CPT, camptothecin; CSD, caveolin scaffolding domain; CTB, cholera toxins B; Cancer; Caveolin-1; Drug resistance; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; HSA, human serum albumin; IBC, infiltrating breast cancer; IR, insulin receptor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDR, multidrug resistance; MSV, multistage nanovectors; NPs, nanoparticles; Nano-drug delivery systems; PC, prostate cancer; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PFS, progression free survival; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; SV40, simian virus 40; Transcytosis; cell SMA, styrene maleic acid.