A phase I clinical trial to study the safety of treatment with tipifarnib combined with bortezomib in patients with advanced stages of myelodysplastic syndrome and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the safety of tipifarnib in combination with escalating doses of bortezomib and to determine the maximum tolerated dose in patients with untreated high-risk MDS and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia, who were not eligible for intensive therapy.

Experimental design: In a "3 + 3″ design, patients received fixed doses of tipifarnib 200 mg bid (days 1-21) and escalating doses of bortezomib (days 8, 15, 22) every 4 weeks in 4-6 cycles.

Results: The combination was tolerated well by the 11 patients in this study without reaching the maximum tolerated dose. Myelosuppression was the most frequent side effect, but usually of short duration. Interestingly a complete response with or without complete count recovery was observed in three patients and three additional patients had stable disease. The median duration of overall survival was 449 days. Two patients were still alive at 4.0 and 4.3 years, including one patient in continuing CR.

Conclusions: The combination of tipifarnib and bortezomib was tolerated well and appeared to have clinical activity in patients with high-risk MDS and AML with low counts of marrow blasts. Our results warrant further evaluation in a phase II study.

Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Bortezomib; Farnesyltransferase inhibitor; Hypomethylating agents; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Phase I; Proteasome inhibitor; Tipifarnib.