Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. An increasing trend for prostate cancer incidence was observed in China. Enormous studies have been conducted to investigate the association between dietary factors and prostate cancer, however conflicted results were obtained. Red meat, processed meat, and dairy products consumption were reported to be associated with the increased prostate cancer risk, while tomatoes, soybeans and green tea might reduce the risk of prostate cancer occurance. However, no consensus could be reached without strong evidence. Furthermore, further studies are needed to investigate the association between vitamin and mineral supplements and prostate cancer risk. Some studies reported that men with higher dietary inflammatory index scores increased prostate cancer risk. There may be a long susceptible period when dietary factors affect prostate cancer risk, which poses challenges for collecting exposure and the follow-up. Measure bias and detection bias are the main reasons which impair the authenticity of studies on the relationship of dietary factors and prostate cancer risk. Researchers should apply various methods to measure participants' dietary consumption levels and ascertain essential outcomes, such as prostate cancer death. This article reviews updated epidemiological evidences on the association of dietary factors and prostate cancer, aims to benefit future nutritional epidemiology studies focus on the prostate cancer prevention.
前列腺癌居全球男性常见恶性肿瘤第2位，中国前列腺癌发病率呈上升趋势。膳食因素与前列腺癌的关系研究结果争议较多。红肉、加工肉类和乳制品的摄入可能是前列腺癌的危险因素，番茄、大豆和绿茶可能是前列腺癌的保护因素，但均缺乏高质量证据。维生素和矿物质补充剂的摄入可能影响前列腺癌的发病风险，但相关结论并不统一。高膳食炎症指数饮食可能会增加前列腺癌发病风险。膳食暴露至前列腺癌发病有较长时间，这对暴露因素的收集与队列研究的随访提出了较高的要求。暴露测量偏倚和检出偏倚是影响前列腺癌膳食因素研究真实性的主要因素，研究者应注意采用多种方法测量研究对象的膳食摄入水平，同时收集前列腺癌死亡等重要结局变量。文章总结了膳食因素和前列腺癌关系的现有流行病学证据，旨在为后续的前列腺癌相关营养流行病学研究提供参考。.
Keywords: Dietary factor; Prevention; Prostate neoplasms.