Intratumoral IL-12 delivery empowers CAR-T cell immunotherapy in a pre-clinical model of glioblastoma

Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):444. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20599-x.

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer, for which effective therapies are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach, but it is often impeded by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, in an immunocompetent, orthotopic GBM mouse model, we show that CAR-T cells targeting tumor-specific epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) alone fail to control fully established tumors but, when combined with a single, locally delivered dose of IL-12, achieve durable anti-tumor responses. IL-12 not only boosts cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells, but also reshapes the TME, driving increased infiltration of proinflammatory CD4+ T cells, decreased numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg), and activation of the myeloid compartment. Importantly, the immunotherapy-enabling benefits of IL-12 are achieved with minimal systemic effects. Our findings thus show that local delivery of IL-12 may be an effective adjuvant for CAR-T cell therapy for GBM.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain / immunology
  • Brain / pathology
  • Brain Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Brain Neoplasms / immunology
  • Brain Neoplasms / pathology
  • Brain Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Cell Line, Tumor / transplantation
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • ErbB Receptors / immunology
  • Female
  • Glioblastoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Glioblastoma / immunology
  • Glioblastoma / pathology
  • Glioblastoma / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Immunoconjugates / administration & dosage*
  • Immunoconjugates / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / administration & dosage
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / immunology
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive / methods*
  • Injections, Intralesional / methods
  • Interleukin-12 / administration & dosage*
  • Interleukin-12 / immunology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional
  • Mice
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / immunology
  • Single-Chain Antibodies / administration & dosage
  • Single-Chain Antibodies / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
  • Tumor Microenvironment / immunology

Substances

  • Immunoconjugates
  • Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
  • Single-Chain Antibodies
  • epidermal growth factor receptor VIII
  • Interleukin-12
  • ErbB Receptors