Multi-analyser detector (MAD) for high-resolution and high-energy powder X-ray diffraction

J Synchrotron Radiat. 2021 Jan 1;28(Pt 1):146-157. doi: 10.1107/S1600577520013223. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Abstract

For high-resolution powder diffraction in material science, high photon energies are necessary, especially for in situ and in operando experiments. For this purpose, a multi-analyser detector (MAD) was developed for the high-energy beamline P02.1 at PETRA III of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). In order to be able to adjust the detector for the high photon energies of 60 keV, an individually adjustable analyser-crystal setup was designed. The adjustment is performed via piezo stepper motors for each of the ten channels. The detector shows a low and flat background as well as a high signal-to-noise ratio. A range of standard materials were measured for characterizing the performance. Two exemplary experiments were performed to demonstrate the potential for sophisticated structural analysis with the MAD: (i) the structure of a complex material based on strontium niobate titanate and strontium niobate zirconate was determined and (ii) an in situ stroboscopy experiment with an applied electric field on a highly absorbing piezoceramic was performed. These experiments demonstrate the capabilities of the new MAD, which advances the frontiers of the structural characterization of materials.

Keywords: BZT–xBCT; high-energy diffraction; high-resolution detectors; multi-analyser detectors; powder X-ray diffraction; strontium niobate titanate; strontium niobate zirconate.