Elective Percutaneous Paravalvular Leak Closure Under Conscious Sedation: Procedural Techniques and Clinical Outcomes

Ali Abdul Jabbar; Mohanad Hasan; J Stephen Jenkins; Tyrone Collins; Stephen Ramee

doi:10.1016/j.carrev.2020.03.003

Elective Percutaneous Paravalvular Leak Closure Under Conscious Sedation: Procedural Techniques and Clinical Outcomes

Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2020 Oct;21(10):1291-1298. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.03.003. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Authors

Ali Abdul Jabbar¹, Mohanad Hasan¹, J Stephen Jenkins¹, Tyrone Collins², Stephen Ramee³

Affiliations

¹ John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
² John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States of America; The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
³ John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States of America. Electronic address: sramee@ochsner.org.

PMID: 33246555
DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.03.003

Abstract

Background: Paravalvular leaks (PVLs) are a well-recognized complication of prosthetic valves that are detected up to 18% of all implanted surgical valves. Perioperative morbidity is thought to be lower in percutaneous compared to surgical PVL repair. However, a direct comparison of PVL closure techniques has never been performed. Our study is the first to demonstrate that elective PVL closure with monitored anesthesia care can be achieved with high success and low complications rates resulting in short hospital stays.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort of patients admitted electively for catheter-based treatment of symptomatic prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation from Jan 2013 to April 2018. Both mitral and aortic PVLs were included. Patients' demographics, risk factors, procedural outcomes, In-hospital and thirty-day mortality were all reported. We followed the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) criteria to define device and procedural technical success. In-hospital and 30- day outcomes were assessed by retrospective chart review.

Results: A total of 54 PVLs in thirty-seven patients were repaired (65% aortic & 35% mitral). The mean-age in the mitral cohort was lower than the aortic cohort (61 vs 72years, P<0.0001) but the two groups shared similar clinical risk factors (P>0.05). Average hospital stay was 1-2days (<1.5days overall cohort) which was significantly lower in the aortic compared to the mitral cohort (P=0.009). All procedures were guided by TEE under conscious sedation with monitored anesthesia care. Procedural technical success defined as any significant residual shunt was 81% in the overall cohort and 88% in the aortic group. No procedural deaths were reported. Short-term mortality during the first 30days was 5.4% (two patients).

Conclusion: Elective catheter-based repair of symptomatic prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation appears to be safe and effective. The use of conscious sedation with monitored anesthesia care resulted in short hospital stay.

Keywords: Amplatzer vascular plug; Paravalvular regurgitation; Paravalvular repair.

MeSH terms

Aged
Cardiac Catheterization
Conscious Sedation
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation*
Heart Valve Prosthesis*
Humans
Middle Aged
Mitral Valve Insufficiency* / surgery
Prosthesis Failure
Retrospective Studies
Treatment Outcome