A National Analysis of Treatment Patterns and Outcomes for Patients 80 Years or Older With Esophageal Cancer

Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Autumn;33(3):884-892. doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.09.004. Epub 2020 Sep 22.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate practice patterns and outcomes for patients 80 years or older with esophageal cancer using a nationwide cancer data base. Practice patterns for patients 80 years or older with stage I-IV esophageal cancer in the National Cancer Data Base from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed. Overall survival associated with different treatment strategies were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. In the study period, 40.5% and 46.2% of patients with stage I adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively, did not receive any treatment at all. Less than 11% (196/1,865) of patients with stage I-II disease underwent esophagectomy, even though surgery was associated with a better 5-year survival compared to no treatment (stage I: 47.3% [95% confidence interval [CI] 36.2-57.6%] vs 14.9% [95% CI: 11.2-19.1%]; stage II: 29.3% [95% CI 20.1-39.1%] vs 1.2% [95% CI: 0.1-5.5%]). Of the 1,596 (37.7%) patients with stage III disease who received curative-intent treatment (surgery or chemoradiation), the 5-year survival was significantly better than that of patients who received no treatment (11.9% [95% CI: 9.7-14.4% vs 4.3% [95% CI: 1.9-8.3%]). In this national analysis of patients 80 years and older with esophageal cancer, over 40% of patients with stage I disease did not receive treatment. Patients with stage I-III disease had better survival and risks and benefits of treatment for elderly patients should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; Elderly; Esophageal cancer; Octogenarian; Surgery.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma* / pathology
  • Adenocarcinoma* / surgery
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / therapy
  • Chemoradiotherapy
  • Esophageal Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Esophagectomy / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Retrospective Studies