Modifications and interactions at the R-loop

Miaomiao Li; Arne Klungland

doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102958

Modifications and interactions at the R-loop

DNA Repair (Amst). 2020 Dec:96:102958. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102958. Epub 2020 Sep 12.

Authors

Miaomiao Li¹, Arne Klungland²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0317, Oslo, Norway.
² Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0317, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: arne.klungland@medisin.uio.no.

PMID: 32961406
DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102958

Abstract

R-loops are tripartite structures consisting of an RNA:DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA [1]. They are widespread and occupy up to 5 % of the mammalian genomes [2]. R-loops have a key role in genome stability, and known functions associated with gene regulation, DNA replication, chromatin patterning, immunoglobuline gene recombination and DNA Double-strand break repair [3-7]. Novel methodology, including the application of the S9.6 antibody, have more recently led to detailed knowledge on the genome-wide distribution of the R-loops as well as the identification of the R-loop interactome [8-10]. The regulation of R-loops was recently shown to also depend on dynamic RNA-methylation, including METTL3/14 dependent 6-methylAdenines (m⁶As) and METTL8 dependent 3-methylCytosines (m³Cs) [11-13].

Keywords: DNA repair; Genome stability; Interactome; Methylation; R-loop; RNA.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Chromatin / metabolism
DNA Repair*
DNA Replication
Epigenesis, Genetic
Gene Expression Regulation
Genomic Instability
Humans
Methyltransferases / metabolism
R-Loop Structures*

Substances

Chromatin
Methyltransferases
METTL3 protein, human