Tracking Histone Modifications in Embryos and Low-Input Samples Using Ultrasensitive STAR ChIP-Seq

Methods Mol Biol. 2021:2214:241-252. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_16.

Abstract

ChIP-seq is a powerful technique that allows the detection of chromatin localization for proteins and epigenetic modifications. However, conventional ChIP-seq usually requires millions of cells. This becomes a daunting task for applications in which only limited experimental materials are available. For example, during mammalian embryo development, the epigenomes undergo drastic reprogramming which endows a fertilized egg with the potential to develop into the whole body. Low-input ChIP-seq methods would be instrumental to help decipher molecular mechanisms underlying such epigenetic reprogramming. Here we describe an optimized ChIP-seq method-STAR (Small-scale TELP-Assisted Rapid) ChIP-seq-that allows the detection of histone modifications using only a few hundred cells. This method is proven to be robust in epigenomic profiling in both embryos and cultured cells.

Keywords: Early embryos; Epigenome profiling; Low-input ChIP-seq; Native chromatin.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing / methods*
  • Embryo, Mammalian / cytology
  • Embryo, Mammalian / metabolism
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Epigenomics / methods
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
  • Histone Code*
  • Histones / genetics
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / methods

Substances

  • Histones